混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究     

陈瑞琛  陈剑  崔之久 《现代地质》2019,33(5):1128-1136

由于混杂堆积的搬运过程与沉积过程具有快速无分选的特点,其成因识别成为国内外学者研究的焦点。石英砂表面特征的综合研究作为沉积环境重建的方法之一,在混杂堆积亚相的区分中能起到较好的作用。概述了冰碛、滑坡/崩塌/崩滑、泥石流及溃坝堆积的石英砂表面特征的研究现状,对这4种混杂堆积类型的石英砂表面特征进行整合厘定,比较了不同类型的石英砂表面结构特征,揭示其主要机械结构和组合模式的异同,强调在混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究中能级与粒间接触方式判断的重要性。最后,指出目前混杂堆积石英砂表面特征研究的难点,并探讨今后研究的方向和应重点解决的问题。  相似文献   

西藏浪卡子县穷子地区土壤地球化学特征及找矿预测          下载免费PDF全文

兰双双  吕杜  曾攀  张庆松  向亮  郑立波 《地质找矿论丛》2019,34(2):286-293

在西藏浪卡子县穷子地区进行的1∶10 000土壤地球化学测量工作中,采用变化系数对测区10种微量元素进行地球化学统计分析,得知Au元素具有较大的成矿潜力;运用统计学软件SPSS19对10种元素含量值进行相关性分析、R型聚类分析和R型因子分析,划分出As-Au-Sb、Pb-Mo-Zn、Bi-Ag和Cu-W等4组元素组合;采用异常下限值圈定单元素异常和组合异常,结果显示As-Au-Sb组合异常和W元素异常强度较高,三级浓度分带清晰,浓集中心连续,具有较好的找矿前景;高品位Au矿化蚀变带的圈定,为下一步找矿工作提供了理论依据,显示出较好的找矿潜力。  相似文献   

基底性质对断裂构造的影响: 以琼东南盆地为例          下载免费PDF全文

张佳星  尹宏伟  朱继田  熊小峰  汪伟  李长圣  吴珍云  刘绍文 《高校地质学报》2018,24(4):563

影响断裂凹陷内的断裂系统演化的原因包含多种因素,此次研究针对先存断裂及基底性质对断陷盆地的影响,通过 物理模拟实验方法探究裂谷盆地断裂发育的构造演化过程。根据对琼东南盆地的地震剖面图的解释分析,盆地东部和西部 的凹陷显示不同的凹陷构造形态,实验结果显示,先存断裂的位置和走向影响区域凹陷的演化和平面展布,在先存断裂影 响的区域演化形成地堑构造,在无先存断裂影响的区域则演化形成地垒构造;韧性基底的上覆地层拉伸演化为复式半地堑 构造,而刚性基底的上覆地层呈铲状半地堑构造,在不同基底性质影响下的构造变形模式和琼东南盆地东西部的差异构造 样式基本相符,一定程度上说明了基底性质的差异对琼东南盆地东部和西部凹陷在断裂组合形态差异方面具有影响作用, 为研究供给油气运移聚集成藏的断裂系统演化提供了思路。  相似文献   

图解法与矩值法在金沙江上游雪隆囊古滑坡堰塞湖溃坝堆积物粒度分析中的应用     

陈松  陈剑  乔春生  马俊学  刘超 《现代地质》2017,31(6):1278

基于野外调查与室内分析,应用图解法和矩值法,分别对金沙江上游雪隆囊古滑坡堰塞湖溃坝堆积物的50个样品的粒度参数进行定量计算,并对两种方法所得结果进行对比研究。结果表明:溃坝堆积物的上、中、下游三个区段的两种计算结果的平均粒径具有高度相关性,相关系数分别为0948、0994、0991,分选性相关系数分别为0824、0959、0901,表明两种方法得到的平均粒径基本相等,可以互相代替;标准偏差（分选系数）除上游区段存在较大偏差外,其它两区段分选系数基本相等,可以相互替代。整个溃坝堆积物粒度的偏态和峰态较离散,相关性较差。针对溃坝型沉积物,建议优先选用矩值法计算粒度参数,该方法能全面涵盖样品信息,反映整个沉积过程中水动力条件的变化。该研究结果与其它类型沉积物研究结果产生差异的主要原因是粒度组分分布情况、沉积动力条件及沉积环境不同。  相似文献   

基于地震正演与井震结合的低序级断层描述技术及应用     

束宁凯  宋力  汪新文 《现代地质》2017,31(2):338

复杂断块油藏的开发实践表明,低序级断层控油作用明显,对低序级断层的精细刻画是研究不同类型断块油藏开发技术的基础和关键。随着开发程度的提高,断块油藏面临越来越复杂的地质条件,如断层、地层剥蚀、超覆等多种地质现象并存,地层接触关系及断裂系统复杂,给现有地震资料条件下低序级断层识别及组合带来极大的困难。针对这一难题,通过探索,形成了基于地震正演分析与井震结合的低序级断层识别与精细刻画技术：综合利用井震结合重建地层对比模式指导井上小断点的准确识别、井断点地震反射特征与地震正演结合建立断层地震识别标志、井引导地震属性分析断层平面组合规律、井震多层位精细解释刻画断棱断面及多层叠合验证空间组合关系。在“断层、剥蚀、超覆”共存的孤东二六区沙河街组,通过该方法的应用,重组了其复杂断裂系统,解决了长期以来的油水矛盾,取得了较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

Turbidite Events Recorded in Deep-sea Core IR-GC1 off Western Sumatra: Evidence from Grain-size Distribution     

QIU Zhongyan  HAN Xiqiu  WANG Yejian 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1448-1456

Sediment core IR-GC1, from the abyssal basin of the Indian Ocean off Sumatra, may provide important information on depositional events related to earthquakes and tsunamis. In this study, based on a combination of grain-size analysis with lithological studies and oxygen isotope stratigraphy, seven deep-sea turbidite layers were identified, corresponding to seven turbidity events that occurred at 128–130, 105–107, 98–100, 86–87, 50–53, 37–41 and 20–29 ka. The sediments of the turbidite deposits are characterized by coarse grain sizes, poor sorting, wide kurtosis, bimodal frequency distributions and clear depositional variations. Particle size grading is also an important signature of deep-sea turbidite deposits and can be used as an indicator to identify turbidite layers. Possible triggering mechanisms for the turbidite events include tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and sea-level changes.  相似文献   

Origin and Distribution of Grain Dolostone Reservoirs in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, Sichuan Basin, China     

SHEN Anjiang  HU Anping  PAN Liyin  SHE Min 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):204-218

Dolostones in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation have become one of the most significant gas exploration domains in China. Over a trillion cubic meters of gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area; however, the origins and distribution of the dolostone reservoirs are not well understood. This work discussed the geology and geochemistry of the dolostone reservoirs in the Longwangmiao Formation to determine their origin and distribution. Two understandings are acquired: firstly, a carbonate ramp provided excellent conditions for grain beach deposition, while the presence of a hypersaline lake was favorable for the contemporaneous dolomitization of grain beach deposits. Petrographic and geochemical evidence further confirm that the Longwangmiao dolostone was formed during the contemporaneous stage. Secondly, the reservoir characteristics indicate that the grain beach sediments provide material basis for the development of the Longwangmiao dolostone reservoirs. Reservoir dissolution simulation experiments show that the porosity of the reservoirs was formed by dissolution during contemporaneous and burial stages. The dissolution pores formed during the contemporaneous stage were controlled by sequence interfaces. The large scale dissolution vugs formed during the burial stage subsequently spread along the pre-existing porosity and fracture zones. This study therefore identified that the development of grain dolostone reservoirs in a shallow water ramp under arid climatic conditions generally met the following conditions: (1) reefal beach deposits lay a foundation for reservoir development; (2) superficial conditions are an important determining factor for reservoir porosity; and (3) burial conditions provide environment for porosity preservation and modification.  相似文献   

山东半岛近海不同粉砂粒级含量分布的空间差异性及其沉积学意义     

李军  胡邦琦  李国刚  王利波  白凤龙  赵京涛  邹亮  窦衍光 《海洋学报》2017,39(1):64-75

粉砂是现代陆架和河口沉积物最主要的粒级组分,但由于其复杂的沉积动力学行为,我们对于不同粉砂粒级的沉积学特征和行为并没有完全掌握。本文分析了山东半岛近海表层沉积物中不同粉砂粒级组分含量的空间分布特征,探讨了其控制因素。结果表明,山东半岛周边近海沉积物类型以泥质沉积为主,但不同粉砂粒级组分具有明显的空间分布差异性。极细粉砂、细粉砂与黏土组分的含量变化一致,表明了其相似的沉积动力学行为。粗粉砂组分的含量空间变化最大,在山东半岛的北部泥质条带、东部“泥楔”和南部近岸具有明显的高含量,其含量与其他各粉砂组分具有明显的负相关性。从表层沉积物的粒度组分与分布规律,可以证明研究区表层沉积物主要以黄河携带物质为主,但流入本区的一些中小型河流也明显提供了部分物源,只是其提供物质的扩散范围有限。结合水动力分析和物理海洋学等方面的认识,我们认为造成不同粉砂组分空间分布差异性的原因主要受物源、区域水动力学条件、局部地形（底形）等因素控制。另外,还发现了山东半岛“泥楔”沉积物的粗粉砂组分含量偏高、现代沉积速率也偏大,这些现象在空间上与“海洋锋面”位置一致,对于海洋锋面的沉积学意义还需要进一步的调查研究和数值模拟工作。  相似文献   

Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the Suqiao buried-hill zone in Wen'an Slope,Jizhong Subbasin,Bohai Bay Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the Suqiao deep buried-hill zone, in the Jizhong Subbasin, the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China, was investigated from the perspective of paleo-fluid evidence by using fluid inclusions, quantitative fluorescence techniques (QGF), total scanning fluorescence method (TSF) and organic geochemical analysis. Results show that the current condensate oil-gas reservoirs in the study area once were paleo-oil reservoirs. In addition, the reservoirs have experienced at least two stages of hydrocarbon charge from different sources and/or maturities. During the deposition of the Oligocene Dongying Formation (Ed), the deep Ordovician reservoirs were first charged by mature oils sourced from the lacustrine shale source rocks in the fourth member of Shahejie and Kongdian Formations (Es₄+Ek), and then adjusted at the end of Ed period subsequently by virtue of the tectonic movement. Since the deposition of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation (Nm), the reservoirs were mainly charged by the gas that consisted of moderate to high-maturity condensate and wet gas sourced from the Es₄+Ek lacustrine shale source rocks and mature coal-derived gas sourced from the Carboniferous-Permian (C-P) coal-bearing source rocks. Meanwhile, the early charged oil was subjected to gas flushing and deasphalting by the late intrusion of gas. The widely distributed hydrocarbon inclusions, the higher QGF Index, and FOI (the frequency of oil inclusions) values in both gas-oil and water zone, are indicative of early oil charge. In addition, combined with the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions (<160 °C) and the existence of solid-bitumen bearing inclusions, significant loss of the n-alkanes with low carbon numbers, enrichments of heavier components in crude oils, and the precipitation of asphaltene in the residual pores suggest that gas flushing may have played an important role in the reservoir formation.  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of living mangrove foraminifera from KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa     

KL Strachan  TR Hill  JM Finch 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(4):409-422

Modern foraminiferal assemblage zones can be used to reconstruct palaeo sea levels when applied to fossil foraminifera down a sediment core. Previous intertidal foraminiferal studies have predominantly focused on assemblages in surface sediments (0–1 cm), with the rationale that surface assemblages reflect the modern-day environment. Foraminifera live infaunally and therefore there is a need to document the infaunal vertical distribution of living foraminifera to fully capture the modern environment. Infaunal foraminiferal populations may compositionally differ from or be similar to those in the uppermost 1 cm of a core sample, but abundance is variable vertically, making it very complex to reconstruct and interpret past sea levels. This can have implications for the choice of assemblages to use as modern analogues for past sea-level reconstructions. This study documents the vertical infaunal distribution of living foraminifera, to allow for more informed interpretations of palaeo-reconstructions in mangrove environments. The down-core vertical distribution and abundance of living foraminifera, along with grain size and organic content, were documented using sediment cores along an elevational transect. Nine taxa were recorded as living at the time of collection, six of which were restricted to the top 4 cm. The majority of these were calcareous and found in the cores situated closer to the intertidal channel. Therefore, we argue that the diversity of living calcareous and agglutinated foraminifera could be restricted by grain size, with coarser grain sizes associated with lower species diversity. The findings suggest that foraminiferal species inhabiting the top 4 cm represent deeper living foraminiferal populations. Therefore, the top 4-cm interval can be used to establish a modern training set upon which reconstructions can be based. The findings from this study will provide guidance on the use of South African mangrove environments for future sea-level reconstructions.  相似文献